Re: Surge / Ground / Lightning

On May 5, 1:05 pm, spamf...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 wrote:
> I'm curous to know how surge suppression can work without a ground
> (earth) of any sort. Does the "black box" detect overvoltage and
> disconnect the power like an earth leakage safety switch?
>
> This might be fine for a TV, but surely not for a computer.
>
> I don't recall any computer I've owned that did not have a three wire
> connection to the mains. That and a MOV is OK for smallish surges, but
> I believe that for a large surge, the sort that will blow a telephone
> off the wall, one needs a large, short-path earth for the surge
> detector to dump the extra power down.
>
> I've got a few plug in protectors here and there to sop up a small
> spike, but when a storm is within a few km, I pull the phone wire out
> of the ADSL router, and the plug out of the mains. If I'm working at
> the time, I might just keep a watch on the weather radar and count
> lightning fashes to thunder times. It's rare that I get interrupted. I
> have underground power and phone lines so that gives a little extra
> protection, I believe.

   This will address some of your questions only in summary.  Details
are provided in other posts.

  First, much of this stuff was learned by earliest 20th century
hams.  They would disconnect their antenna, put the lead inside a
mason jar, and still suffer radio damage. Even mason jars could not
stop or block lightning. But then the antenna was earthed, then damage
stopped.  It's just like Franklin's lightning rod (air terminal).
Protection has always been about diverting "it to ground, where it can
do no harm".  Disconnecting did not provide sufficient protection.
That wire had to be earthed.

  Protection for the TV, computer, and all other appliances is same.
Computers contain some of the most robust protection.  Computer grade
UPSes can output electricity so dirty (when in battery backup mode) as
to even harm some small electric motors.  But computers are so robust
as to make even that 'dirty' electricity irrelevant.  Do not assume
computers have less internal protection.  Intel ATX standards require
computers to be more robust than what is standard for other
appliances.

  No protection exists by disconnecting - the black box.  Air is a
best insulator.   Lightning travels through 3 miles of air to contact
earth.  What magic black box do you own that can stop what three miles
of sky could not?   Protectors do not stop, block, or disconnect from
lightning.   Furthermore, a lightning surge does damage too fast.  A
fastest disconnect relay takes milliseconds.  Lightning surges do
damage in microseconds.  Two of so many reasons why protection is not
achieved by disconnecting.

  Try damming a river to stop a flood.  Dam gets swept away.  Move
that dam off to the side; call it a dike.  Open a large channel
downriver.  Protecting by disconnecting, blocking, or absorbing surges
is akin to that dam - useless.  Instead, install (and earth) a 'whole
house' protector - akin to a large channel downriver.   And then
install dikes - internal protection inside appliances or other
supplementary protection.

  Even dikes (supplementary protectors) are useless without that large
channel downriver - the properly earthed 'whole house' protector.

  MOVs are routinely installed where direct lightning strikes are
earthed - without damage to MOVs.  MOVs used in properly sized 'whole
house' protectors.  But when a plug-in protector is sold to maximize
profits (not for protection), then grossly undersized protectors also
create another problem - scary pictures:
  http://www.hanford.gov/rl/?page=556&parent=554
 http://www.westwhitelandfire.com/Articles/Surge%20Protectors.pdf
 http://www.ddxg.net/old/surge_protectors.htm
 http://www.zerosurge.com/HTML/movs.html
 http://tinyurl.com/3x73ol
  or
 http://www3.cw56.com/news/articles/local/BO63312/

  Routine is for direct lightning strikes to be earthed by a 'whole
house' protector.  Routine is for a properly sized protector to earth
surges AND remain functional.  A protector damaged by a direct
lightning strike - grossly undersized - is designed in direct
violation of MOV manufacturer's specs.  MOV manufacturers are quite
clear about this.  MOVs must only fail by degrading; not fail by
va****izing.   MOVs also do not work by sopping up surge energy.  But
grossly undersizing a plug-in protector and a resulting explosive
damage gets the naive to recommend an obscenely overpriced protector.
Yes, grossly undersizing a protector can get the naive to recommend
more ineffective protectors.

  An effective protector earths direct lightning strikes AND remains
functional.  An effective protector means nobody knew the surge even
existed.  But no explosive failure means some here would not recommend
that protector.

  Above described secondary protection.  Homeowners should also
inspect their primary inspection system:
      http://www.tvtower.com/fpl.html

  Buried wires do not provide effective protection.  An industry
professional provides this application note.  Notice even underground
wires must be earthed before entering the building.  Even underground
wires can carry surges, destructively into the building.  Any wire
that enters the building - overhead or underground - must connect to a
single point earth ground either directly (ie cable TV, satellite
dish) or via a protector (ie telephone, AC electric).  The app note
shows two structures.  Any wire into either structure first connects
to that structure's single point earth ground:
  http://www.erico.com/public/library/fep/technotes/tncr002.pdf

  And finally, it is posted multiple times including a reference to an
article for EE entitled "Protecting Electrical Devices from Lightning
Transients".  That safety ground and neutral wire cannot provide
earthing for a long list of reasons.